Windows Server Security Guide

1. System Hardening

Install only necessary roles and features
Keep the system updated with the latest security patches
Enable and configure Windows Defender
Use Microsoft Baseline Security Analyzer (MBSA) for security assessment
Implement AppLocker or Software Restriction Policies

Tip: Use the Security Configuration Wizard to create custom security policies based on server roles.

2. Network Security

Configure Windows Firewall with Advanced Security
Implement network segmentation using VLANs
Use IPsec for sensitive network communications
Disable unnecessary network protocols and services
Implement DNS Security Extensions (DNSSEC)

Tip: Use the Get-NetFirewallProfile PowerShell cmdlet to quickly check firewall status for all profiles.

3. Access Control and Authentication

Implement strong password policies
Enable multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all admin accounts
Use the principle of least privilege for user accounts
Implement Group Managed Service Accounts (gMSA) for service accounts
Regularly audit and review user access rights

Tip: Use the Get-ADUser PowerShell cmdlet with appropriate filters to review user account statuses and permissions.

4. Encryption and Data Protection

Use BitLocker Drive Encryption for system and data drives
Implement Encrypted File System (EFS) for sensitive files
Use TLS 1.2 or higher for all network communications
Implement SQL Server Transparent Data Encryption (TDE) for database servers
Use Windows Information Protection (WIP) for data leakage prevention

5. Logging and Monitoring

Configure and centralize Windows Event Logging
Use Windows Server Advanced Auditing features
Implement Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) solution
Set up alerts for critical security events
Regularly review and analyze security logs

Tip: Use the wevtutil command-line tool to manage event logs and subscriptions.

6. Backup and Disaster Recovery

Implement a robust backup strategy (3-2-1 rule)
Regularly test backup restoration processes
Store backups in secure, off-site locations
Implement System State backups for critical servers
Create and maintain an up-to-date disaster recovery plan

7. Remote Access Security

Use Remote Desktop Gateway for secure RDP access
Implement Network Level Authentication (NLA) for RDP connections
Use VPN with strong encryption for remote access
Implement Just-In-Time (JIT) access for administrative tasks
Regularly audit remote access logs

Tip: Consider using Windows Admin Center for secure, web-based remote management of Windows Servers.

8. Regular Security Assessments

Conduct regular vulnerability scans
Perform penetration testing at least annually
Use Microsoft Security Compliance Toolkit for security baselines
Regularly review and update security policies
Stay informed about new security threats and mitigation techniques

Additional Resources